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Historically, the central nervous system condition was called the Paul Bert effect, and the pulmonary condition the Lorrain Smith effect, after the researchers who pioneered the discoveries and descriptions in the late 19th century. Severe cases can result in cell damage and death, with effects most often seen in the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes. Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen ( OĢ) at increased partial pressures.

The subject in the centre is breathing 100% oxygen from a mask. The chamber is pressurised with air to 3.7 bar. In 1942–43 the UK Government carried out extensive testing for oxygen toxicity in divers. Oxygen toxicity syndrome, oxygen intoxication, oxygen poisoning